Planes of Development

Let's break down one of those Montessori terms: Planes of Development. This is the foundation of Montessori education and informs so much of how we are with children and the environments we prepare for them.

This term refers to four periods of growth, development, and learning that build on each other as a child progresses through them. Also known as stages or phases, with a little more nuance.

The Planes of Development are divided into 6 year increments. The exact timing and transition from one plane to another will vary between individual children.

This shift doesn't spontaneously occur on a child's birthday, but there are some key indications that a transition is happening (I'm looking at those 5.5 - 6 year olds with big cosmic questions that demand big elementary exploration.)

Major characteristics of each plane:

1️⃣ Birth to 6 = The most dramatic period of growth & development. This period is actually divided into sub-planes because there is that much going on. Children are naturally absorbing information and exploring the environment through their senses.

2️⃣ 6 to 12 = Here comes logic and reason. Children explore the why and how of things. Abstract thinking, imagination, sense of justice, and peer relationships are characteristics of this plane.

3️⃣ 12 to 18 = And we're back to a period of intense, turbulent growth and development. Teens are exploring the world beyond their community, identity, personal dignity, and belonging.

4️⃣ 18 to 24 = This plane is a bit more stabilizing and defining for the young adult. It's a period of self-knowledge, evaluation of social policy, and personal responsibility.

This holistic framework guides us in how we prepare ourselves and the environment to support the needs, interests, and abilities that characterize each plane of development.